Not All Companies Are Viewed as Equal Assignment

Not All Companies Are Viewed as Equal - Assignment Example Various significant aspects including the role play by capitalism in corporate decision making, detailed analysis of a selected business situation and the execution of certain effective theories will also be discussed in the assignment. Nowadays, every company operating in dissimilar industries is apparently observed to be offering the products in accordance with the preferences or the choices of the customers. As an advocate, I would like to support the industries, as due to global economic pitfall; the purchasing power of the general people is getting limited, which in turn affects their profitability at large. It can be affirmed that in order to sustain in this land of free trade, industries of different scales need to produce low-cost goods for serving the customers according to their respective preferences (Frank, 2007). Evidently, the notion of capitalism is identified to play decisive roles in the context of corporate decision-making procedure. It can be apparently observed that the aspect of capitalism has risen by a considerable extent specifically in the corporate sector with the gaining momentum of free trade. This certainly affected the decision-making procedure of the corporate sector at large. Every industry desires to sustain in this competitive landscape and earn more profit. Thus, the decision-making procedure in corporate sector has certainly changed the entire business environment with the alignment of free trade. Identifiably, due to the prevalence of high competitive market, every entrepreneur has emerged with the execution of new ideas. These ideas may entail liberalizing the operational or business procedures and appropriately using the accessible resources among others (Bell & et al., 1988). The existence of varied ethical theories often advocates supporting either the consumers or the industries in the land of free trade. In the context of

Paul's life in the Acts vs the Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paul's life in the Acts vs the Letter - Essay Example Therefore, just like Luke, all through his ministry, Paul never mentioned his pre-Christian life in his epistles and how he persecuted Christians. Moreover, Luke in the Acts portrays Paul as a staunch believer of Jesus Christ. In the book of Acts 27, Paul never controlled the storm or the future. However, amidst the impending disaster he appeared the most competent and sober human because he believed in God and had faith that God will deliver him and the others to Rome safely. Therefore, through his God given capability mastering the social environment while still on aboard of the ship makes him stand out as source of hope to the others. These attributes of Paul are depicted all through his letters and teachings. He was strong believer of Jesus Christ; preaching the word of God to the people by encouraging them to have hope and faith in Jesus Christ (Bruce, 1888). Ultimately, in the book of Acts the life of Paul was characterized by threats and arrests from the Romans. However, Luke portrays Paul in the Acts as the light who enjoyed certain benefits while under arrest. For instance, unlike his detention in Caesarea and Jerusalem, he stayed in personal lodgings as indicated in verses 16, 23 and 30 of Acts chapter 28 (Bruce, 1888). Moreover, this can be harmonized to his detention in Rome while writing the epistles to the Ephesians, Colossians, Philippians and Philemon. Therefore, from the aforementioned it is evident that it is possible to harmonize Luke’s Acts to Paul’s epistles in the New

Impact of Global Epidemiology of Bacterial Infections

Impact of Global Epidemiology of Bacterial Infections BABATUNDE OLUJIMI OLOGUNDE TOPIC: Discuss the impact of vaccination on the global epidemiology of bacterial infections. Bacterial infections are infections transmitted by pathogenic bacteria. Infection occurs when an organism enters into the host and establishes a relationship which may lead to a disease condition. According to (WHO.int/topics/epidemiology/en); most bacteria are harmless or are more or less beneficial while few are pathogenic. WHO noted that pathogenic bacteria contribute to the other globally important diseases such as pneumonia whose etiologic agents could be Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas species. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lungs which affects primarily the microscopic air sacs called alveoli. Typical symptoms include cough, chest pain, fever and difficulty in breathing. (WHO.int/topics/epidemiology/en).For the purpose of this essay I will be talking about pathogenic bacteria. These are the bacteria that cause acute infections depending on their degree of virulence. Epidemiology, according to the British Medical Journal (BMJ) is the study of the frequency of occurrence of diseases among different groups of people. WHO defined epidemiology as the study of the spread and determinants of health related states or events such as disease condition, the application of epidemiology involves various methods investigations, surveillance and descriptive and analytical studies. The information obtained is very useful by both the government and the health Ministry to plan and evaluate ways to prevent such diseases. Also in patient already affected, epidemiological information serves as a guide to their management. Epidemiology helps the health workers to measure the disease outcomes among the population at risk. Vaccination: Prevention and control of bacterial infections can be achieved by vaccination. As the saying goes â€Å"prevention is better than cure†. Prevention includes vaccination as an environmental measure. Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material in order to stimulate the individual’s immune system to develop adaptive immunity to the pathogen. According to centre for Disease Control (CDC); disease prevention is a key to public health. CDC, opined that â€Å"vaccines are responsible for control† of many infectious diseases that were once common around the world. Examples of such diseases are diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae and pneumonia. Mode of transmission ranges from mother to foetus, sperm to embryo, among families and social groups (The Marshall Protocol Knowledge Base). MPKB further stated that certain infections such as gonorrhea, influenza and common cold are transmitted through physical contact as in sexual intercourse, and droplets due to coughing and sneezing. Five papers were reviewed in this essay and critically analysed. 1. Maternal tetanus toxoid vaccination and neonatal mortality in rural North. India Singh et al (2012) The above Journal examined the impact of antenatal vaccination in rural India where neonatal mortality ways prevalent. In this paper, Singh et al, (2012) utilized the Indian National family Health Survey (NFHS), and analysed the death rate of singleton births with maternal tetanus vaccination as well as patient attending antenatal clinics being given folic acid and iron. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, a Gram – positive bacilli. In their observation, it was noted that part of the factors responsible for high mortality rate was lack of adequate health facility, in the larger poor society of the densely populated India. The paper further observed that there has been improvement in health condition of the rural population partly due to advances in production of vaccines as well as storage and its distribution. As a result of this they have further recorded a higher immunological response (Singh et al, 2012). This paper concluded that in their study of the socio economic aspects of the survey, it is evident that poorer older women rejected the vaccination. Furthermore, religion was also an important factor that militated against the success of the exercise especially Muslims women not only in India but other party of developing country such as Nigeria, Mali, Gambia, etc. (RAM F Singh A (2006). In their paper titled â€Å"is antenatal care effective in improving maternal health in rural ultar predesh?† Lastly, Singh et al (2012) concluded that in spite of the effort of the government through the agency of National Rural Health Mission to avail health care to all; the poor and the marginalized were still not taken care of adequately. 2. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on otitis media – Taylor et al (2012). In this article, the authors Taylor et all aimed to investigate the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) for the protection of patients against acute otitis media (AOM). According to Taylor et al (2012). Acute otitis media (AOM) is among the foremost reasons for frequent hospitalization as well as prescription of antibiotics for young children. AOM is commonly reported among young children especially those within the age 1 – 3 years. The microbial pathogens implicated which account for 70 – 80% of samples collected from middle ear fluid are Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae. The figure below shows observation data base studies in OM rate for years before and after 7 valent PCV introduction in year 2000. Taylor at al observed that it was difficult to find appropriate controls in a well – immunized population. They however noted that OM rates have reduced by approximately 10% as a result of the introduction of 7v CRM on a long term duration. Since Taylor et al (2012) suggested that influences other than the PC, were partly responsible for above 15% reduction, it follows that more research needs to be one to determine other factors that could be responsible for its reduction. 3. Bacterial meningitis: The impact of vaccination Makwana N Riordan FA (2007) In this article, the authors observed that one of the main causes of death among children under the age of 2 years is acute bacterial meningitis, due to the immaturity of their immune response to polysaccharide antigens. Makwana Riordan (2007) noted that as a result of the introduction of Haemophillus influenzae type 6 (Hib) conjugate vaccine there was a dramatic reduction in the occurrence of all invasive Hib diseases and that of meningitis, both in the United Kingdom and United State. However, while developed countries such as the UK and US have conveniently introduced the vaccines, most developing countries are in capacitated due to the huge cost (Makwana Riordan, 2007) 4. Inequity Worldwide; Andre et al (2007) In this article, Andre et al, opined that vaccines are primarily meant to prevent diseases and not necessarily for protection. However some vaccines are also for protection as well as prevention. They noted that in Finland, USA and other places across the globe, influenza vaccination was discovered to serve as protection against diseases related to the main target. They concluded that vaccination has immense benefit which extend beyond mere prevention of specific diseases in the patients. CONCLUSION Vaccination helps both children and adults According to Ranganathen et al. (2009), vaccination against Strept. pneumoniae have good evidence to support their use. The use of vaccine has led to decreased incidence of these infections in adults because many adults acquire infections from children Ranganathen et al. (2009), observed that streptococcal pneumonia vaccine is available for adults and has been found to decrease the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. In the summary of the article by Andre et al (2007), they opined that a comprehensive vaccination programme is necessary for good public health and this will go a long way in minimizing inequities and poverty globally. In order to globally combat most of not all, these pathogenic bacterial infections, the developed countries would need to come to the aid of the less developed or the developing countries through the agency of WHO. As much as he less privileged countries are willing to be free from the global epidemic, the huge cost of the procurement of the vaccines is a major hindrance as well as religion beliefs especially the Muslim communities in Africa. REFERENCES: The Marshall Protocol Knowledge Base: Autoimmunity Research Foundation Makwana, N Riordan FA; Bacterial meningitis: The impact of vaccination (year) Taylor S, Marchisco P, Vergison A, Harriagne J, Handsdorf WP, Hanggard M; Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on otitis media: A systematic review 2012:54 (12):1765 – 73 Sinah A, Pallikadavath S, Ogollah R, Stones W. Maternal Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination and Neonatal mortality in Rural North India. 2012; vol 7: issue 11.

Nature and Death in In Memory of My Dear Grandchild and Upon Wedlock an

Nature and Death in In Memory of My Dear Grandchild and Upon Wedlock and Death of Children Literature delivers or expresses ideas according to the social and cultural settings of the particular time of the writers. Even though it is designed to be in a certain time frame, the concepts overlap each other. The poems "In memory of my dear grandchild" by Anne Bradstreet, "Upon wedlock and death of children" by Edward Taylor though were written in different eras, they have a common concept "death". The writers in their poems describe that death is a natural process and compare it with different aspects of nature. Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) and Edward Taylor (1642-1729) are both early American litterateurs, and are firm believers in the Puritan experiment in America. Anne Bradstreet was the daughter of Thomas Dudley, and got married to Simon Bradstreet when she was sixteen years old. She received a better education than other young women did of her times. Due to her childhood diseases and deadly, childbirth experiences, she became very weak. She had to lead a life full of hardships in the new land. Although her distress is not hidden, faith in God is also the prominent object in her works. Edward Taylor was a son of a yeoman farmer, went to Harvard for higher education, and became a teacher for a while. He was not involved with the church and instead became a puritan minister. He wrote poems for his own pleasure and not as a part of religious service. He too believed in the puritan experiment in America. The poems chosen of these two writers are about death immediate family members . Although, both the writers have different intentions, they associate death with some aspects of nature. There is a common mechanics ... ...and most of all they had the common Faith in God. They both take death as a natural process of life and do not protest to God regarding the loss of their beloved. Instead they solaced themselves by saying that it was God's and so he took it away. There is a constant comparison between nature and death in the works of these writers. One belief that is prominent is that everything in nature ends (including humans); it is just the difference in time frame. Meaning that some die early and some livelong than the others. Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor are from different periods of the history of American literature, but they have the same belief system. They both have faith in God that He is the one to decide about everything's destiny. They support their belief by exemplifying it with the way the world is organized that is anything that is born has to end.

The Truth About Introverts

I have constantly tried to hide my introversion. I would always, and still do, force myself out of my comfort zone to be with friends. Whether it be at large parties or Joining in on various conversations In which I had no Interest. † (Scoffer) Despite the efforts Introverts make to fit In with an extroverted centered world, It frequently does not not work, or may go completely unnoticed. It drains them out of most of their energy and usually leaves them second guessing about who they are and who they wish to be.Introverted people deal with a variety of difficult situations everyday including stereotypes always being made about them while simultaneously trying to live in a ‘noisy' society focused on more outgoing personality types. In a world where talk is cheap and time is money, life of an introvert can be overwhelming and exhausting (The Samba Life). We live in a society that is focused so much on extroversion and who is geared more towards conversation and activity au tomatically stereotypes Introverts as having a lack of social skills. But In all reality, introverts hardly lack social skills in any way.They simply get their energy from being alone. It Is simple as that. They fight battles constantly; they fight for the opportunity to express their quiet and thought out words that are always overpowered by extroverts, and they fight for time alone every day to â€Å"recharge† and recollect from their day. Everyone needs this. Introverts may just simply need and want it more often than others. There are many assumptions to be made about introverted and shy individuals. If common stereotypes have anything to say about the issue, is that introverted people are socially awkward loners' who avoid large crowds and can't stand other people (Scoffer).Introversion might Just be one of the most misunderstood and under appreciated personality traits. The ‘silent revolution' of introverted people has recently been thrown Into mainstream society with various authors writing books that shed light on this Important and sensitive topic (Scoffer). We are In a culture that obviously values extroverted qualities such as outgoing personalities, natural public speakers or the ability to confront others in difficult situations with no hesitation. But not all of us are so lucky to have been blessed with such qualities.Much of the problem that comes along with the misconceptions of introverts originates from the differences between introversion and extroversion. The difference is more complicated than it Just being shy vs†¦ Out going. The introversion and extroversion contrast has its roots in ‘Jungian psychology, which looks upon extroverts as more naturally accustomed towards the outside world and introverts as more focused on their own world (Gooier). The portrayal and description that introverts seem to relate to the most is that they are not withdrawn lonely people who dread the Idea of being around others.Most Introve rts are very kind hearted and compassionate Individuals who as a matter of fact really enjoy being surrounded by others. They don't need tons of constant stimulation to feel delight or entertained. Actually, top much stimulation can be very draining. This outlook on the two introvert is not inadequate in any way shape or form, and definitely shouldn't be labeled as, and it is not something that needs to be â€Å"adjusted â€Å"or â€Å"fixed†. A change needs to take place in everyone's thoughts on introversion.An individual who is sitting by themselves, or not voicing their opinion in conversations does not mean they are anti social, stuck up, or angry. They aren't sad, and they aren't scared of acting socially. This individual is probably your average introvert. Like with most things, for one to change in any way takes time. It has to become a habit that takes time to develop. Becoming outgoing, or more comfortable around others are traits that have to be learned over a lo ng period of time. This universal idea in our society hat outgoing and bubbly is good and silence isn't needs to change.

The Misconception of a Role Model and the Relation to an Athlete

A role model: a noun, meaning a person whose behaviour, example, or success is or can be emulated by others, especially by younger people. An athlete: also a noun, a person who is trained in exercises or contents involving physical agility, stamina, or strength; a participant in a sport, exercise, or game requiring physical skill. Two entirely different words, and two very different definitions, yet one must wonder; could it be that these terms may in fact be very closely related? Thus bringing us to the much debated issue of whether or not athletes can be positive role models. Over the years, this has proved to be an extremely opinionated issue for many. The truth is, an athlete is simply â€Å"a person†, and if we have people who are our role models, then yes, athletes, being people, can be positive role models too. However in today’s society there is a huge misconception surrounding the term â€Å"role model† and therefore there are many mixed opinions regarding this topic. Firstly, could it be that our expectations of athletes that are perhaps too high, thus preventing us from seeing the â€Å"positive-ness† in them. Secondly, in such a materialistic world, people often forget the difference between what they want and what they need, and therefore if the world wants to see prefect role models, with money, talent, and beauty, then they will look for that in people like athletes, because quite frankly, people are constantly in search of that â€Å"good life† concept. Lastly, there is a reason why the word role comes before model. Our role models are only models in a certain role, or as one may say forte. Athletes are role models in our society, however only in the role of an athlete, and we often forget that. Consequently we may need to re think our definition of a role model before we determine whether or not athletes can be considered positive influences on our society. Today, when a high-status athlete is accused of a serious offence or of cheating the game, of course it is news and newsworthy! Take Michael Phelps for example; no matter how many world records he breaks in the future, there will always be someone there to bring up the pact that he smoked marijuana at a party once. He wasn’t even in competition season, or training that day, ut he did it. He did something that many of us have done, yet because he is Michael Phelps, everything changes. We cannot consider ourselves perfect, because we make mistakes all the time, so maybe we need to allow these athletes to try and fail at the â€Å"non-athletic† human qualities, because in the end, they are simply human and, like us, they often make mistakes too. We have these silent requests for athletes. We force them into be coming our role models; we force them into achieving excellence in the athletic world. Therefore, the mere fact that athletes are constantly accomplishing this excellence, although they are under great pressure, is evidence not of the failure of professional sports in society but of their triumph. We should be proud of Michael Phelps, because he is a positive role model, regardless of whether or not he smoked once upon a time, that just shows us that this man has the talent and ability to maintain athletic success, and the events of a normal humane life, at the same time. We should be proud because the days of baseball players drinking beer during the game or basketball players using drugs prior to the tip-off are long gone; today we find less of the athletes who carelessly fritter away their talent, and more of the athletes who are more admirable and, more superior role models than before. So maybe we are unsuccessful when it comes to recognizing this, and as a result we require even more from them. This could be hy our vision of a role model, when it comes to athletes, is impractical and unreasonable. Furthermore, in such a materialized world as the present, we have forgotten what we need and replaced it with what we want. We used to have a good vision of the â€Å"good life† where all we really needed was the basics, which can be found on Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. Basics and necessities such as: air, food, shelter, sex, safety, love and belonging, self esteem, and personal fulfilment. Now however, we have become more technologically advanced, and the media has become such a huge influence in our lives which, inevitably, causes us to forget about the basics, and instead fill ourselves with greed, and want. We now feel that in order to have a good life, we must have money, fame, health, and beauty in appearance; all of which we can find in athletes. So now, instead of having role models who are successful, and respect all of Maslow’s basic needs, we have role models who have all the things that we want. We look at these talented athletes, and we pick out the parts of them that we want to have in our â€Å"good life† and we forget the parts of them that we need to have in our â€Å"good life†. We look at their outer selves, and forget about their achievements, and their stories. Therefore, athletes can be positive role models for us, depending on what our image of a â€Å"good life† is. Now at last we look at what a role model is meant to do for us. A role model is not just a model; they are a model of a specific role which is a vital limitation. Like previously stated, none of us are perfect, thus, realistically speaking; none of us are models for others. Parents, principles, community leaders; we should all be modest and hope that the younger generation do not follow in our footsteps entirely. For example, in the future, I would like my children to have my voice, passion for writing and sports, and my sense of love and belonging. However, I would not like them to have my health issues, or patience skills and tolerance when it comes to ignorance. You see, everyone wants to set good examples, we all want to have a good life, filled with our good qualities, not the bad, because then those who follow in our footsteps will be heading in the right direction straight from the beginning. So yes, of course athletes will often fail to model the role that we expect them to model, however we all make mistakes. We cannot expect them to model a role that they are not capable of leading, but nevertheless we can expect them to display good sportsmanship and commitment to fair play. In the end, we must come to realize that the question is not exactly â€Å"Can athletes be positive role models? † but instead, â€Å"What kind of role model do you see athletes as? † Our idea or a role model is distorted. We have such high expectations of them, causing us to treat them as if they were not human. We also need to take into consideration, our thoughts on a â€Å"good life† the difference between what we want to see in our role models, and what we need to see in our role models, because often we are looking at the outer athlete, and not the true inner talent that they might have. Subsequently, we must remember that athletes are models for their own specific roles, and like any role model they can be successful or they can fail at that role. Therefore we must simply judge them based on the vital constriction that comes with their role, and no more than that. We must expect from them only what they are capable of doing. The study and analysis of this issue has brought me to the realization that we have a huge misconception of what a role model is, and whether or not the relation between role model’s and athlete’s can be made.

Should we legalize the sale of human organs Essay Example

Should we legalize the sale of human organs Essay Example Should we legalize the sale of human organs Paper Should we legalize the sale of human organs Paper Abstinence programs: Do they work? Does access to condoms prevent teen pregnancy? Does access to condoms lead to irresponsible, dangerous, or bad behavior? Should students have access to information and birth control without parents’ consent? Does age of the student matter? Advertising: Should certain kinds of ads be banned in the interest of health/morality/annoyance – alcohol, cigarettes, prescription meds, etc†¦? Should advertisers be prohibited from marketing to children? Is advertising information or manipulation? Beauty contests: Do they serve any purpose in society? Are beauty pageants exploitive? Civic Responsibility: Should there be compulsory government service, military or otherwise, for all Americans, male and female, at age eighteen or upon graduation from high school? Should the draft be reinstated? Do women in combat place fellow soldiers in jeopardy? Do we have a fair taxation system? Although individuals complain about the â€Å"nanny state,† does the federal government have the right and responsibility to require compliance of its citizens for the common good? (Seat belt child safety seat laws, warning labels, vaccination laws, age requirements for spray paint) College athletics: Should colleges have athletic teams? Should college athletes be paid? Are college athletes at major universities really students? Should football coaches be paid more than the highest-paid professor? Divorce: Should we reform laws to make it harder to get a divorce? Should you have to pass a test to get married? Should the government even care about marriage? Education: Should there be national educational standards in the US as there are in most European countries and in Japan? Do children learn better in boys-only and girls-only schools? Should there be more severe consequences for failure in school? Should children be tracked? Should high schools be required to pay for remedial college courses for any of their graduates who are required to take them? Feminism: Is feminism still relevant? How do young women view feminism? Why do we have a wage gap where women earn only 75 cents for every $1 a man earns? Is the right to decide what happens to one’s own body part of feminism? Is it important that ERA never passed? Grades: In some European schools, fewer than 10% of students get As. Is there grade inflation in the U. S.? If so, why are there so many As for Americans? Does worrying about students’ self-esteem have a place in college? High school? Health care crisis: Most developed nations have universal health coverage. Why doesn’t the U. S. , one of the wealthiest nations, have it? What are we getting for our medical dollar? What does it cost in taxes and lost productivity not to have a national health care system? If individuals make poor lifestyle choices, should they lose their access to government-paid health benefits? How can we balance the need to lower the cost of malpractice insurance with the fact that physician malpractice is one of the leading causes of death? How should healthcare be rationed in the shortage to come? What is the current role of pharmaceutical and insurance companies in health care? Is that role appropriate? Health Food Industry: Should the federal government regulate the health food industry? Does self-regulation work? Homeland Security: Are we safer since the creation of this department? What powers and rights have been ceded to the government under the Patriot Act? Does the Patriot Act conflict with the Bill of Rights? Infrastructure: Why has the government failed to maintain America’s infrastructure? What is the role of government in maintaining infrastructure? What is the role of mass transit in a world of diminishing fuel resources? Do American’s have the right to drive huge cars and consume more than our share of the world’s resources? Does might make right? Why have the railroads in modern America played so small a role? Marijuana legalization: Should the federal government legalize, regulate, and tax the use of marijuana? Has the war on drugs worked? How much is spent fighting the war on drugs? Do current drug laws waste taxpayers’ money? Medical Advances: Should we legalize the sale of human organs? Is it ethical for parents to have a second child to better the chances of medical procedures for an existing child? Should extraordinary measures be taken so that infertile people become parents? Should life be prolonged at all costs? Obesity and weight loss: Should thin people have to pay Medicare and other health costs for the health problems of obese people? Should obese people have higher premiums? Should obesity be considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act? Overpopulation: What would happen globally if the demand for natural resources is greater than the supply? Under what circumstances should government regulate the population growth? Paparazzi: What, if any, limitations should be applied to the paparazzi? Does the public have a right to know about a public figure’s private life? Parents: Should prospective parents be required to show a minimum level of competency as well as an ability to support before being allowed to reproduce? Should parents be held responsible when their children break laws? Should unmarried mothers be required to name the father of their child or children in order to draw welfare benefits from the state or federal government? Do parents have a social responsibility to vaccinate their children? Smoking: Should underage smokers lose their driver’s license? Should cigarette smoking be banned? Should the federal government pass an indoor smoking ban? Should smokers be required to pay higher premiums for health insurance than non-smokers? Statutory rape: Recently, a 17-year-old boy was sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual oral sex with a 15-year-old girl. Can a 15-year-old give informed consent? Are statutory rape laws patronizing to girls and discriminatory to boys? What role does multimedia play in the sexualizing of young people? Suicide: Should suicide be a crime? Should assisted suicide be legal? Euthanasia: When do you have an obligation to die? Victimless Crimes: In some states, it is illegal to cheat on a spouse. Should we prosecute cheaters? Is a law that’s not enforced really a law? Should so-called victimless crimes be prosecuted? In the United States current victimless crimes include prostitution, gambling, and illicit drug use. Argumentative Research Paper- 20% of course grade– In this 900 – 1100 word paper, students take a position on an issue from the list of designated prompts above, arguing a clear thesis and persuading the audience to consider their position. Students will be required to utilize at least seven outside sources as support, only two of which can be web-based, and demonstrate using correct MLA format incorporation/synthesis of the sources within your writing. For this paper as for the other out-of-class essays, students must show evidence of a verifiable writing process; therefore, working drafts and proof of feedback (i. e.  online, and/or writing center tutors, peer review) are required. Follow this procedure: Find a Good Topic To find good topic for an argument essay you should consider issues that will have two conflicting points of view or very different conclusions. As you look over the list of topics, find one that really sparks your interest. While a strong interest in a topic is important, its not enough to be interested. You have to consider what position you can back up with reasoning and evidence. Its one thing to have a strong belief, but when shaping an argument youll have to explain why your belief is reasonable and logical. Avoid topics that you are so strongly vested in emotionally that you cannot be objective. Consider Both Sides of Your Topic and Take a Position Once you have selected a topic you feel strongly about, you should make a list of points for both sides of the argument and then pick a side. One of your first objectives will be to present both sides of your issue with an assessment of each. Of course, you will conclude that one side (your side) is the best conclusion. You will need to consider the strong arguments for the other side. Then youll shoot them down! Gather Evidence When we think of arguments, we might picture two red-faced people speaking quite loudly and making dramatic gestures. But thats because face-to-face arguments often become emotional. In fact, the act of arguing involves providing proof to support your claim, with or without emotions. In an argumentative essay, you will have to provide evidence without providing too much drama. Youll explore two sides of a topic (briefly) and provide evidence as to why one side or position is the best one. Writing Stage Once youve given yourself a solid foundation to work with, you can begin to craft your essay. Like other essays, an argumentative essay should contain three parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. The length of these parts (number of paragraphs) will vary, depending on the length of your essay assignment. 1. Introduce your topic and assert your side As in any essay, the first paragraph of your argumentative essay should contain a brief explanation of your topic, some background information, and a thesis statement. In this case, your thesis will be a statement of your position on a particular controversial topic. Example introductory paragraph with thesis statement: Since the turn of the new century, a theory has emerged concerning the end of the world, or at least the end of life as it is known. This new theory centers around the year 2012, a date that many claim has mysterious origins in ancient manuscripts from many different cultures. The most noted characteristic of this date is that it appears to mark the end of the Mayan calendar. But there is no evidence to suggest that the Maya saw any great relevance to this date. In fact, none of the claims surrounding a 2012 doomsday event hold up to scientific inquiry. The year 2012 will pass without a major, life-altering catastrophe. 2. Present both sides of the controversy The body of your essay will contain the meat of your argument. You should go into more detail about the two sides of your controversy and state the strongest points of the counter-side of your issue. After describing the other side, you will present your own viewpoint and then provide evidence to show why your position is the correct one. Select your strongest evidence and present your points one by one. Use a mix of evidence types, from statistics, to other studies and anecdotal stories. Re-state your position as the most convincing one in your summary paragraphs.

Modern Chinese History†Chiang Kai-Shek

Modern Chinese History– Chiang Kai-Shek Free Online Research Papers The introduction of Chiang Kai-Shek. By the question above, Id like to discuss Chiang Kai-Shek. Why I choose him as todays topic? Because I thought Chiangs life, and people surrounding him were dramatic, and he was a key person of influencing todays relationship of China and Tai Wan. Lets see what he did in his life. Chiang Kai-Shek was born on October 31st, 1887 in the ZheJiang FengHua, and died on April 5th,1975 in TaiBei. He was the leader of Kuomintang (KMT), and hold the power of the KMT, government, and the armies. Chiangs father Chiang ZhaoCong inherited the ancestral legacy management salt shop. After Chiangs father died, he was bring up by his mother Wang CaiYu. When he was child, he entered the private school studied traditional textbooks. By the spring of 1906, he studied in Tokyo School for continuing his failure study in China. During the studying in Tokyo School, he knew Chen QiMei, Chen QiMei had the influnce on Chiang Kai-Shek for the anti-Qing government. He had stayed in Tokyo School until the end of that year. In 1907, he had entered the BaoDing Nation Army Intensive School and studied for artillery. In 1908 spring, he went to Tokyo military school. During the studying, Chen QiMei invited Chiang to participate alliance association for the anti-Qing revolutionary activity. Afte r the 1910 graduation, he entered the Japanese Army 13th division of 19th regiment as a military officer (but in the waiting list.). Joins in the democratic revolution, Get the trust of Sun Yat-Sen After the 1911 Revolution happened, Chiang Kai-Shek returned to ShangHai, he was taken the order of Chen QiMei to lead the vanguard of hundred people to HangZhou, to join the recover of the ZheJuang. To follow the step of Chen QiMei (fifth group regimental commanders) and the ShangHai armed forces second division Huang Fu (Division Commander) sworn of the brotherhood. In January 1912, he was dispatched by Chen QiMei, and ordered him to buy off a scoundrel to assassinate restoration society leader Tao ChengZhang. After the assassination, he escaped to Japan. In 1913 summer, the second revolution had broken out. He participated in the attachment of ShangHai ¡Ã‚ ¦s weapon manufacturing factories. After the matter defeated, he lived in seclusion ShangHai. In October joined the Chinese revolutionary party which was still under construction, and went to Japan in November. In July 1914, Sun Yat-Sen in Tokyo announced that Chinese revolutionary party had been established officially. At the same time, Chiang Kai-Shek was dispatched to ShangHai, and Harbin to assist Chen QiMei to be engaged in opposes of Yuan ShiKai ¡Ã‚ ¦s revolutionary activities. After the May of 1916, Chen QiMei was assassinated, Chiang Kai-Shek was dispatched by Sun Yat-Sen to go to ShanDong to be Chinese revolutionary army DongBei Army chief staff officers. After Yuan Shikai died, the Chinese revolutionary army was dismissed and Chiang occupied to ShangHai. In July 1917 Sun Yat-Sen went to the south and established Republic of China Military government. And in March 1918, Chiang Kai-Shek was appointed to GuangDong as director of headquarter operations section. And after year, he was appointed to GuangDong armed forces second crew commanders in FuJian. But the military officer always crowded out him, he often left his work to stagnate in ShangHai. And formed the partnership with Zhang JingJiang, Chen GuoFu, and Dai JiTao to do the exchange business. In June 1922, GuangDong Commander-in-Chief Che n JiongMing revolted, Sun Yat-Sen sought asylum in the YongFeng ship, Chiang went to GuangZhou to ascend the ship and waited for 40 days. That obtained Sun Yat-Sens trust. In October, Chiang was sent by Sun Yat-Sen to be the east road anti-revolt second armed force chief staff officer. In February 1923, he was appointed to be the supreme headquarter chief office of generalissimo government. In August, he received order to lead the Dr. Sun Yat-Sen delegation to go to Soviet to inspect the study military, politics and the party affairs. Manage the HuangPu Military Academy, Destroy the KMT-Chinese communist cooperation In January 1924, KMT had the first National People ¡Ã‚ ¦s Congress decided the establishment military academy to train revolutionary armies. Sun Yat-Sen appointed Chiang Kai-Shek as the principal of military academy and the headquarter chief officer of GuangDong army. But he started to doubt than Sun Yat-Sen alliance with Russia, CCP, and assisted the farmer those policies. As there was no support at that time, Chiang performed to carry out to a certain extent. He entrusted with heavy responsibility the trusted subordinate in the military academy for cultivating personal influence, and support the anti-CCP member to established the Sun Wen principle academic society. He also suppressed and attacked young serviceman association at the same time. He organized and lead the HuangPu military academy teachers and students to suppress the Guangzhou merchant militia rebellion in October 1924; In February 1925, made an expedition to the east punitive expedition Chen JiongMing; In June, supp ressed Yang XiWen, Liu ZhenHuan rebels ¡Ã‚ ¦ campaigns, the victories were outstanding, therefore he obtained the prestige. So he had promoted to ChaoXian damage control supervisor, GuangZhou garrison commander. In August 1925, HuamgPu military academy ¡Ã‚ ¦s two guidance groups arranged as the national revolutionary army, Chiang as the commander. After Liao ZhongKai was killed, he supported Wang JingWei to pursue Hu HanMin to go abroad. And soon had driven Commander-in-Chief Xu ChongZhi out to GuangZhou. After that, he incorporated GuangDong army partial divisions and brigades, a great leap became the most important character in KMT ¡Ã‚ ¦s military. In October, he commanded troops to the second expedition, and wiped out Chen JiongMing ¡Ã‚ ¦s rebellious army. In January 1926, KMT second session National People ¡Ã‚ ¦s Congress, he was elected as central executive, and central permanent committee member; In February, he held a concurrent post as the national revolutionary ar my inspector. After Sun Yat-Sen passed away, Chiang Kai-Shek suspected day by day of the three policies, and envy KMT left wing and the communist party member cooperate work together as colleagues, and apprehended Soviet Union consultants work. He made ZhongShan ship event in March 20, 1926, in May he proposed the party committee reorganized documents at the KMT-CCP second session plenary conference, the document had repelled the first army and the central party committee worker who were CCP member. He seized the opportunity to seize military committee president, the national Central Party Committee one after another has organized minister, serviceman minister, national revolutionary army commander-in-chief as well as important posts and so on national Central Party Committee Standing committee president. After July 1926, the Northern Expedition started, Chiang Kai-Shek led the general headquarters to go to the front direction combat. The national revolutionary army defeated BeiYang warlords Wu PeiFu, Sun ChuanFang under the workers and farmers supported, HuNan, HuBei, JianXi, FuJian that four provinces had recovered completely, and continued to go to HeNan, AnHui, ZheJiang. Chiang Kai-Shek sought for the dictatorship rule the ambition to inflate day by day. In December, national Central Party Committee Party committee and the national government move to WuHan from GuangZhou, but Chiang persisted must move the capital NanChang, intent controlled the government. In March 1927, the Kuomintang second session of Third Session had a series of enhanced the party power through Unification partys Leading Draft resolution, prevented personal dictatorship and the military despotic resolution, have cancelled President Chiangs central standing committee and serviceman minister the duty. Therefore , Chiang Kai-Shek destroyed three policies deliberately, tolerated and instigated the hoodlum in JiangXi, AnHui to make a series of anti events, in the Britain-America imperialism and under the JiangSu and ZheJiang provinces plutocrats support, started a coup in ShangHai, brutal slaughtered communist party member and revolutionary group, and Guangdong started respectively party purge, thus destroyed the first Kuomintang-Chinese communist cooperation. The establishment dictatorship rule, Suppresses inner and compromise the foreign On April 18, 1927 Chiang Kai-Shek set up the new national government in NanJing, confronted with WuHan National Government. In June, Chiang Kai-Shek and Feng YuXiang held a meeting in HsuChou, cbtained the cooperation of anti-CCP. Chiang Kai-Shek had contradicted with Wang JingWei, Li ZongRen and the struggle is isolated with no support, being compelled retire in August, and in October visited Japan to seek the support. After returning to homeland, abandoned the wife, married with Song MeiLing on December 1, and on with Song ZiWen, Kong XiangXi married, strengthen through them with USs relation. In January1928, took the responsibility again on commander-in-chief, in February managed the Kuomintang two sessions of Fourth Plenary Session, changed Sun Yat-Sens revolutionary policy comprehensively. He was lifted as central politics commission chairman and military committee president at the meeting. In April, with Feng YuXiang, Yan XiShan, Li ZongRen formed four group armies to enter wit h joint north forces, and had defeated warlords Zhang ZuoLin, finished BeiYang warlords rule. In October, he became national government president the concurrently commander in chief of the army, navy and airforce. The duty was reorganization national government, implemented to rule a nation as the party political tutelage. Chiang Kai-Shek must establish individual dictatorship rule the aspect, constructed by the disarmament and tried to discontinue Feng YuXiang, Yan XiShan, Li ZongRens armies, intensified with various military power faction, and caused internal conflict. Chaing-Wu war, Chaing-Feng war, Chaing-Yan-Feng war were continuously. Chiang Kai-Shek relies on the imperialism and the JiangSu-ZheJiang provinces big bourgeoisie support, has defeated each military power. He had also defeated Wang JingWei, Hu HanMin, Sun Ke, thus consolidated his own dictatorship rule. From December 1930 to September 1931, Chiang Kai-Shek assembled the massive armies, JiangXi, HuNan, HuBei, HeNan, AnHui and other revolutionary base Red Army started three military encirclement continuously, those defeated to an end. After exigency occurs, he carried out  ¡Ã‚ §not to resist ¡Ã‚ ¨, obstructed army and the people who resisted Japan to invade, caused northeast three provinces to perish rapidly. The Japanese invaders provoked  ¡Ã‚ §1  ¡P 28 ¡Ã‚ ¨ exigency in ShangHai at the beginning of 1932, 19th route armies rose spiritedly to resist, but Chiang Kai-Shek submitted in the Japanese imperialism pressure, signed the agreement  ¡Ã‚ §ShangHai Ceasefire agreement ¡Ã‚ ¨. The agreement made Japanese imperialism expansion to compromise repeatedly to North China and concession Japanese invaded. He also signed the humiliation  ¡Ã‚ §the Tang-Ku Agreement ¡Ã‚ ¨. He suppressed the patriotic soldiers and civilians protection, forced Feng YuXiang to cancel the Chahar people against Japan allied forces. Chiang Kai-Shek adopted stubbornly  ¡Ã‚ §domestic strength keeps away foreign aggression ¡Ã‚ ¨. In June 1932, he started the fourth military Red Army encirclement defeated, and carried on the fifth military encirclement in October 1933. After a year engaging in fierce battle, Red Army because of the strategic instruction mistake the unfavorable situation, they left JiangXi to embark the Long March. Chiang moved several thousand armies besieged the Red Army, and exterminated the revolutionary countries simultaneously. Chiang Kai-Shek strengthened the dictatorship rule vigorously, established by HuangPu member as backbone central bureau and bureau of investigation two types of spy, the spy ¡Ã‚ ¦s duty as destroying the communist party and the revolutionary organizations patriotic democracy activities, killed the Communist and the patriotic democratic personage, and coped with the anti-Chiang clique. Chiang Kai-Shek had a cultural suppression in Kuomintang areas, forbad the progressive books and periodicals, persecuted left-wing writers and cultural worker. He carried out the new life movement in the nation, stepd up to peoples ideology control. He also relies on the government privilege, with Song Ziwen, Kong Xiangxi, Chen Guofu, Chen Lifu together, the establishment and the development state capitalism economy, formed the bureaucratic capital gradually. They set up the Central Bank and the peasant bank, annexed Bank of China and the Communications Bank, had monopolized the national finance syste m. Following that was gradually develops to the industry and commerce and other civilian economic departments, held the national economic lifeline. In November 1935, Japanese imperialism instigated  ¡Ã‚ §North China autonomous ¡Ã‚ ¨, expanded unprecedented to Chinas aggression, the national crisis serious. Chinese Communist Party appealed to stop civil war of consistent to Japan, and opposed Japan anti-Chiang policy change to compel Chaing to oppose Japan. Under the national salvation opposed Japan impetus in the whole nation, Chiang Kai-Shek and Kuomintang decided adjusts its domestic policies, and came to a conclusion that must maintain the territorial sovereignty the integrity. He issued an order to adopt a series of enhancement national development, and improved the relationship of Soviet Union. He attempted with the Chinese Communist party to carry on the negotiations, but still persisted to suppress Red Army after the Long March. Zhang XueLiang and Yang HuCheng, who were a ppointed to suppress communist party members, were determined the association opposes Japan. In December 12, 1936, they mobilized a  ¡Ã‚ §soldier admonishment ¡Ã‚ ¨ and had detained Chiang Kai-Shek in Xian. Under Chinese communist party mediation, the Xian Incident is solved peace diligently, Chiang Kai-Shek involuntary stopped  ¡Ã‚ §suppress CCP members ¡Ã‚ ¨ policy. Implements the Kuomintang-Chinese communist cooperation, Persist eight years Sino-Japanese War After the Xian Incident, Chiang Kai-Shek was compelled ten years strife, implements the second cooperation with the communist party. After in 1937  ¡Ã‚ §7.7 ¡Ã‚ ¨ emergency, established the Kuomintang-Chinese communist cooperation of anti-Japan had nationality united, Chiang Kai-Shek had positively deployed and directed the Chinese armies to leave for North China and ShangHai, prevented the Japanese invading army. The patriotic soldiers killed the enemy courageously, crushed the Japanese imperialism to attempt to fight a battle based on quick decision and perished China ¡Ã‚ ¦s invading plan. Chiang Kai-Shek made some promises in the political democratization aspect, released the political offender, the revision reactionary rule, held the peoples political council and so on. The nation appeared a new atmosphere for a while. But Chiang Kai-Shek implemented the one-sided of war resistance and the pure military defense strategic tactic, and waited for international mediates to stop Japan to invade, thus cannot resist the superiority Japanese invading army. North China, southeast and the Central China territory fell into the enemy one after another. After WuHan defends, the Sino-Japanese War changed over to the strategic stalemate stage by the strategic defensive stage. Chiang Kai-Shek expressed continuous Sino-Japanese Wars determination, Wang JingWei was completely disappointed to the against Sino-Japanese War, the treason surrenders to the enemy. In January 1939, Chiang Kai-Shek was appointed national defense highest committee chairman. He was worried about to the Chinese communist party and the peoples armed forces in the Sino-Japanese War grew rapidly, so he implemented  ¡Ã‚ §resists communists, limits communists, anti communists ¡Ã‚ ¨. And made the friction of resistant communists unceasingly. After December 1941 the Pacific War eruption, Chiang Kai-Shek positively carried out the diplomatic activities with American, English Union, and as the Chinese war zone commander-in-chief. Obtained USs commodity and the financial assistance. He sent the Chinese expeditionary army to go to Burma with the British and American Allied armies combined military operation. America, England united China to resist Japan together, they promised abolish in the Chinese privilege which the treaty of equality stipulated, and had signed Chinese and American, Chinese and British  ¡Ã‚ §New Testament ¡Ã‚ ¨. In November 1943, Chiang Kai-Shek attended the Cairo conference, with American President Roosevelt, English Prime Minister Churchill discussed the date of combined military operation plan and the postwar peace condition. In June 1945, he sent Song ZiWen to go to Soviet Union to discuss, in August both countries ministers of foreign affairs have signed Chinese-Soviet friendship Treaty of allianc e and the related agreement. Comprehensive launch civil war, Dominant in Mainland China collapse After victory of Sino-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-Shek under the American imperialism support, sent out the army to seize victory, and incorporates massively the armed forces; At the same time, he carried on the discussion with Chinese communist Central Party Committee commission chairman Mao ZeDong in ChongQing signed  ¡Ã‚ §Talk summary ¡Ã‚ ¨. But he directed 800,000 soldiers to attack the liberated area immediately, and refused the political consultative conference achieved each resolution in January 1946, persisted stubbornly the dictatorship policy on  ¡Ã‚ §military and government order unified ¡Ã‚ ¨. In June 1946, he launched comprehensive civil war, attempted in to eliminate the communist party and the peoples armed forces outrageously three to six months. After encounters Peoples Liberation Army to counterattack firmly, the next year March will be compelled to change North ShanXi and the ShanDong liberated area focus attack. After suffers the defeat repeatedly, he changed the strategic defensive by the strategic offense. Finally, Chiang Kai-Shek was compelled to issue an order to contract the defense line, implemented the key defense. In November 1946,Chiang Kai-Shek convened in NanJing for the national conference, during the conference had drawn up  ¡Ã‚ §constitution ¡Ã‚ ¨, and declaration implementation constitutional government, reorganization government. In fact he still rules as a dictatorship by his Kuomintang ruling. After 1948 spring of constitution country election, he was appointed  ¡Ã‚ §President ¡Ã‚ ¨, and seized no constitution limit of emergency disposal authority, that caused his dictatorship rule to put on the legitimate coat. Regarding patriotic student anti-famine, anti-civil war, anti-persecution movement and struggle between workers and peasant, he issued an order to put in order, sent out the military police to suppress flagitious. In August 1948, he promulgated  ¡Ã‚ §Financial Economy Urgent Punishment ¡Ã‚ ¨, the release gold certificate replaced the legal tender, by a set time redeemed the money foreign currency, compelled the limit price, attempted to get rid of the currency mal ignancy to inflate, the skyrocketing prices difficult position. The result has accelerated the financial economy collapse, caused the seething popular discontent and the social disturbance. In January 1949, Chiang published the New Years Day to state the suggestion peace negotiations, but also proposed preserves  ¡Ã‚ §constitution ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ §legally constituted authority and armys condition. And Chinese communist party was veto. On January 21, Chiang was compelled to announce retirement, and returned to FengHua (his hometown), but still pulled strings behind the scenes the government and army power authority, destructed peace negotiations. On April 20, Kuomintang resisted on to sign  ¡Ã‚ §Agreement on internal peace ¡Ã‚ ¨. Peoples Liberation Army crossed Yangtze River to national march. The Peoples Republic of China proclaimed the founding in October 1 1949,Chiang Kai-Shek ended here in Mainland China dictatorship. In December 1949, Chiang Kai-Shek moved to Taiwan, fought with back to the wall in the isolated island. In March 1950, he replaced heavy responsibility  ¡Ã‚ §President ¡Ã‚ ¨, after that had repeatedly for four sessions, and was elected Kuomintang President continuously. He constructs Taiwan based on  ¡Ã‚ §Three Peoples Principles of Sun Yat-sen ¡Ã‚ ¨ summoned to connect his governance in Taiwan. And signed with US to defend treaty together. But he opposed Taiwan independent ¡Ã‚ ¨, international entrusted ¡Ã‚ ¨ and two Chinas, has maintained  ¡Ã‚ §one China ¡Ã‚ ¨ national standpoint. Chiang Kai-Shek died of illness in April 5, 1975 in TaiBei. His life had going up and down, but he never give up on the defense. Research Papers on Modern Chinese History Chiang Kai-ShekQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Project Managment Office SystemPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to Africa

Business System Analysis and Design Notes

Skills by System Analyst:Working knowledge of information technology(The analyst must be aware of both existing and emerging information technologies),Computer programming, experience and expertise,General business knowledge,General problem-solving skills,Good interpersonal communication skills,Good interpersonal relations skills,Flexibility and adaptability,Character and ethics. Info sys architecture:provides a foundation for organizing various components of any info sys you care to develop. a unifying framework into which various stakeholders with different perspectives can organize and view the fundamental building blocks of information systems. Views of knowledge System owners view: Interested not in raw data but in information. (Business entities and business rules) System users’view: View data as something recorded on forms,stored in file cabinets,recorded in books and spreadsheets,or stored on computer. Focus on business issues as they pertain to data. Data requirement System designers’ view: Data structures,database schemas,fields,indexes,and constraints of particular database management system (DBMS). System builders’ view: SQL,DBMS or other data technologies Views of process System owners’view:Concerned with high-level processes called business functions. A cross-functional information system System users’view:Concerned with work that must be performed to provide the appropriate responses to business events. Business processes,Process requirements,Policy,Procedure, Work flow System designers’view:Concerned with which processes to automate and how to automate them. Software specifications System builders’view:Concerned with programming logic that implements automated processes. Application program,Prototyping Views of communication System owners’ view: Who? Where? What? System users’ view: Concerned with the information system’s inputs and outputs. System designers’ view: Concerned with the technical design of both the user and the system-to-system communication interfaces. System builders’ view: Concerned with the construction, installation, testing and implementation of user and system-to-system interface solutions *Basic principles of system development: Get the system users involved. Use a problem-solving approach. Establish phases and activities. Document through development. Establish standards. Manage the process and projects. Justify systems as capital investments. Don’t be afraid to cancel or revise scope. Divide and conquer. Design systems for growth and change. The need to improve: Performance Info Eco/controlcosts Control/Security Efficiency Service Phases for system development: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, decision analysis, physical designand integration, construction and testing, installation and delivery. Cross life-cycle activity: Fact-finding, Documentation and presentation Documentation, Presentation, Repository), Feasibility analysis, Process and project management Routes through the basic systems development phases: model driven development strategies (process, data, object modeling), Rapid application development (RAD), commercial application package implementation, system maintenance *Benefits of use case modeling: Provides tool for capturing functional requirements. Assists in decomposing system into man ageable pieces. Provides means of communicating with users/stakeholders concerning system functionality in language they understand. Provides means of identifying, assigning, tracking, controlling, and management system development activities. Provides aid in estimating project scope, effort, and schedule. The relationships that can appear on a use-case model diagram: Use case association relationship, extension use case, abstract use case, depends on, inheritance Use case – a behaviorally related sequence of steps (scenario), both automated and manual, for the purpose of completing a single business task. Steps for preparing a use-case model: Identify business actors. Identify business use cases. Construct use-case model diagram. Documents business requirements use-case narratives *Data modeling(database modeling)–a technique for organizing and documenting a system’s data. Data Modeling Concepts:Entity(class of persons, places, objects, events, or concepts about which we need to capture and store data),Attribute(descriptive property or characteristic of an entity. Synonyms include element, property and field), Data type(property of an attribute that identifies what type of data can be stored in that attribute),Domain(a property of an attribute that defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on),Default value(the value that will be recorded if a value is not specified by the user),Key(an attribute, or a group of attributes, that assumes a unique value for each entity instance. It is sometimes called an identifier),Subsetting criteria(an attribute whose finite values divide all entity instances into useful subsets. Sometimes called an inversion entry),Relationship(a natural business association that exists between one or more entities),Cardinality(the minimum and maximum number of occurrences of one entity that may be related to a single occurrence of the other entity),Degree(the number of entities that participate in the relationship),Recursive relationship(a relationship that exists between instances of the same entity),Foreign key(a primary key of an entity that is used in another entity to identify instances of a relationship),Parent entity(a data entity that contributes one or more attributes to another entity, called the child. In a one-to-many relationship the parent is the entity on the â€Å"one† side),Child entity(a data entity that derives one or more attributes from another entity, called the parent. In a one-to-many relationship the child is the entity on the â€Å"many† side),Nonidentifying relationship(relationship where each participating entity has its own independent primary key), Identifying relationship – relationship in which the parent entity’ key is also part of the primary key of the child entity,Generalization(a concept wherein the attributes that are common to several types of an entity are grouped into their own entity),Nonspecific relationship(relationship where many instances of an entity are associated with many instances of another entity. Also called many-to-many relationship) ,Sample CASE Tool Notations Entity relationship diagram (ERD):a data model utilizing several notations to depict data in terms of the entities and relationships described by that data. Logical Model Development Stages:1Context Data model(Includes only entities and relationships;To establish project scope). 2Key-based data model(Eliminate nonspecific relationships;Add associative entities;Include primary and alternate keys;Precise cardinalities). Fully attributed data model(All remaining attributes;Subsetting criteria). 4Normalized data model Normalize a logical data model to remove impurities that can make a database unstable, inflexible, and nonscalable. First normal form (1NF):entity whose attributes have no more than one value for a single instance of that entity,Any attributes that can have multiple values actually describe a separate entity, possibly an entity and relationship. Second normal form (2NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are dependent on the full primary key,Any nonkey attributes dependent on only part of the primary key should be moved to entity where that partial key is the full key,May require creating a new entity and relationship on the model. Third normal form (3NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are not dependent on any other non-primary key attributes. *Model:pictorial representation of reality. Logical model:nontechnical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does. Physical model:technical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does and how the system is implemented Process modeling:a technique used to organize and document a system’s processes. (Flow of data through processes,Logic,Policies,Procedures) Data flow diagram (DFD):a process model used to depict the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by the system. Synonyms are bubble chart, transformation graph, and process model. The DFD has also become a popular tool for business process redesign. Processes on DFDs can operate in parallel (at-the-same-time). DFDs show the flow of data through a system. Processes on a DFD can have dramatically different timing (daily, weekly, on demand) Context data flow diagram:a process model used to document the scope for a system. Also called the environmental model. Think of the system as a â€Å"black box. â€Å"2Ask users what business transactions the system must respond to. These are inputs, and the sources are external agents. 3Ask users what responses must be produced by the system. These are outputs, and the destinations are external agents. 4Identify any external data stores, if any. 5Draw a context diagram. Decomposition diagram:a tool used to depict the decomposition of a system. Also called hierarchy chart. Business System Analysis and Design Notes Skills by System Analyst:Working knowledge of information technology(The analyst must be aware of both existing and emerging information technologies),Computer programming, experience and expertise,General business knowledge,General problem-solving skills,Good interpersonal communication skills,Good interpersonal relations skills,Flexibility and adaptability,Character and ethics. Info sys architecture:provides a foundation for organizing various components of any info sys you care to develop. a unifying framework into which various stakeholders with different perspectives can organize and view the fundamental building blocks of information systems. Views of knowledge System owners view: Interested not in raw data but in information. (Business entities and business rules) System users’view: View data as something recorded on forms,stored in file cabinets,recorded in books and spreadsheets,or stored on computer. Focus on business issues as they pertain to data. Data requirement System designers’ view: Data structures,database schemas,fields,indexes,and constraints of particular database management system (DBMS). System builders’ view: SQL,DBMS or other data technologies Views of process System owners’view:Concerned with high-level processes called business functions. A cross-functional information system System users’view:Concerned with work that must be performed to provide the appropriate responses to business events. Business processes,Process requirements,Policy,Procedure, Work flow System designers’view:Concerned with which processes to automate and how to automate them. Software specifications System builders’view:Concerned with programming logic that implements automated processes. Application program,Prototyping Views of communication System owners’ view: Who? Where? What? System users’ view: Concerned with the information system’s inputs and outputs. System designers’ view: Concerned with the technical design of both the user and the system-to-system communication interfaces. System builders’ view: Concerned with the construction, installation, testing and implementation of user and system-to-system interface solutions *Basic principles of system development: Get the system users involved. Use a problem-solving approach. Establish phases and activities. Document through development. Establish standards. Manage the process and projects. Justify systems as capital investments. Don’t be afraid to cancel or revise scope. Divide and conquer. Design systems for growth and change. The need to improve: Performance Info Eco/controlcosts Control/Security Efficiency Service Phases for system development: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, decision analysis, physical designand integration, construction and testing, installation and delivery. Cross life-cycle activity: Fact-finding, Documentation and presentation Documentation, Presentation, Repository), Feasibility analysis, Process and project management Routes through the basic systems development phases: model driven development strategies (process, data, object modeling), Rapid application development (RAD), commercial application package implementation, system maintenance *Benefits of use case modeling: Provides tool for capturing functional requirements. Assists in decomposing system into man ageable pieces. Provides means of communicating with users/stakeholders concerning system functionality in language they understand. Provides means of identifying, assigning, tracking, controlling, and management system development activities. Provides aid in estimating project scope, effort, and schedule. The relationships that can appear on a use-case model diagram: Use case association relationship, extension use case, abstract use case, depends on, inheritance Use case – a behaviorally related sequence of steps (scenario), both automated and manual, for the purpose of completing a single business task. Steps for preparing a use-case model: Identify business actors. Identify business use cases. Construct use-case model diagram. Documents business requirements use-case narratives *Data modeling(database modeling)–a technique for organizing and documenting a system’s data. Data Modeling Concepts:Entity(class of persons, places, objects, events, or concepts about which we need to capture and store data),Attribute(descriptive property or characteristic of an entity. Synonyms include element, property and field), Data type(property of an attribute that identifies what type of data can be stored in that attribute),Domain(a property of an attribute that defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on),Default value(the value that will be recorded if a value is not specified by the user),Key(an attribute, or a group of attributes, that assumes a unique value for each entity instance. It is sometimes called an identifier),Subsetting criteria(an attribute whose finite values divide all entity instances into useful subsets. Sometimes called an inversion entry),Relationship(a natural business association that exists between one or more entities),Cardinality(the minimum and maximum number of occurrences of one entity that may be related to a single occurrence of the other entity),Degree(the number of entities that participate in the relationship),Recursive relationship(a relationship that exists between instances of the same entity),Foreign key(a primary key of an entity that is used in another entity to identify instances of a relationship),Parent entity(a data entity that contributes one or more attributes to another entity, called the child. In a one-to-many relationship the parent is the entity on the â€Å"one† side),Child entity(a data entity that derives one or more attributes from another entity, called the parent. In a one-to-many relationship the child is the entity on the â€Å"many† side),Nonidentifying relationship(relationship where each participating entity has its own independent primary key), Identifying relationship – relationship in which the parent entity’ key is also part of the primary key of the child entity,Generalization(a concept wherein the attributes that are common to several types of an entity are grouped into their own entity),Nonspecific relationship(relationship where many instances of an entity are associated with many instances of another entity. Also called many-to-many relationship) ,Sample CASE Tool Notations Entity relationship diagram (ERD):a data model utilizing several notations to depict data in terms of the entities and relationships described by that data. Logical Model Development Stages:1Context Data model(Includes only entities and relationships;To establish project scope). 2Key-based data model(Eliminate nonspecific relationships;Add associative entities;Include primary and alternate keys;Precise cardinalities). Fully attributed data model(All remaining attributes;Subsetting criteria). 4Normalized data model Normalize a logical data model to remove impurities that can make a database unstable, inflexible, and nonscalable. First normal form (1NF):entity whose attributes have no more than one value for a single instance of that entity,Any attributes that can have multiple values actually describe a separate entity, possibly an entity and relationship. Second normal form (2NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are dependent on the full primary key,Any nonkey attributes dependent on only part of the primary key should be moved to entity where that partial key is the full key,May require creating a new entity and relationship on the model. Third normal form (3NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are not dependent on any other non-primary key attributes. *Model:pictorial representation of reality. Logical model:nontechnical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does. Physical model:technical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does and how the system is implemented Process modeling:a technique used to organize and document a system’s processes. (Flow of data through processes,Logic,Policies,Procedures) Data flow diagram (DFD):a process model used to depict the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by the system. Synonyms are bubble chart, transformation graph, and process model. The DFD has also become a popular tool for business process redesign. Processes on DFDs can operate in parallel (at-the-same-time). DFDs show the flow of data through a system. Processes on a DFD can have dramatically different timing (daily, weekly, on demand) Context data flow diagram:a process model used to document the scope for a system. Also called the environmental model. Think of the system as a â€Å"black box. â€Å"2Ask users what business transactions the system must respond to. These are inputs, and the sources are external agents. 3Ask users what responses must be produced by the system. These are outputs, and the destinations are external agents. 4Identify any external data stores, if any. 5Draw a context diagram. Decomposition diagram:a tool used to depict the decomposition of a system. Also called hierarchy chart.

Globalisation and Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Globalisation and Crime - Essay Example This essay discusses that increased globalization has had influence on analytic approach that is given to the modern societal systems. The socio-economic and political effects of globalization constitute a topic for debate among scholars and analysts in the past couples of decades. Some analysts have pointed out that globalization does not promote the different aspects of development but rather contributes much to the current social, economic and political issues witnessed across the globe. In the article Trade liberalization did not develop the West, Alemiga points out that the current developed nations did not apply the policies of liberalized trade to come to their current state. Liberalized trade is a contributor to globalization as it is characterized by relaxed national protectionism and political realism concerning a country’s economy. In order to industrialize, these nations applied trade nationalism with protectionism and political realism, the trade across borders be ing subjected to heavy tariffs and other strict regulations. The countries were in war for world title and the weaker nations could be used anyhow by the stronger powers. The countries have since advocated for globalization after attaining some economic stability. The author points out several negative consequences that follow globalization that is in line with the observations of Aas. Aas observes that the lives and behaviours of individuals in the contemporary society are influenced a great deal by other individuals and social systems that are not within there local context. Improved communication mechanisms, liberalized trade, and movement of capital are among the key factors that have led to increased globalization (Imade, 2003; Aas, 2007, p.6). Individuals can watch and follow events that are going on in different parts of the world on their local context. As such, there is transfer of the cultural images, information, or ideas that would drive one into visiting these far-reach ing places. Consequently, one is prompted to adjust his/her social life to conform to the social life observed in other parts of the world that they believe to be conventional. Several issues arise with globalization that develops into crime. It is observed that even though the globalization process is inevitable, not every individual has the freedom to traverse various countries, save for the western societies (Aas, 2007, p.12). Globalization has not benefited every country or region equally (Imade, 2003). In a similar perspective, Alemiga (2012) reports that trade liberalization and subsequent globalization have contributed to social problems like food insecurity, violence, inflation, poverty, diseases and high rates of unemployment. It has also led to vicious practices like child trafficking, sex trafficking, violent crimes, and drug trafficking that are especially pronounced in the liberal societies like the United Kingdom and the US (Alemiga, 2012). The article focuses on globa l issues and succeeds in asserting that even though globalization is inevitable, it has remarkable drawbacks. Scotland is on the verge of seeking sovereignty and the policies that advocate for self-reliance are applicable to her. 2. Media representation of migration/immigration issues Immigration involves the movement of people from a different country into another country. Several reasons may force an individual to move from his or her country to reside permanently or temporarily in another country. Theorists and scholars with various views on immigration do agree that the recent wave of immigration that has been recorded and the perceived consequences makes it one of the most controversial issues in the current society (Martinez & Lee, 2000, p.487). Debate has erupted that immigration often brings negative

The Hollywood Renaissance of the 1960s and Early 1970s Essay - 1

The Hollywood Renaissance of the 1960s and Early 1970s - Essay Example The decade of the 1960s and into the early 1970s marked a period of turbulence and change in the American socio-political landscape. Among the events giving way to this landscape were the civil rights movements, the hippy culture, radicalism among students, the new left, feminism, the gay rights’ movements, the anti-Vietnam war movements, the Kennedy assassination, the Watergate scandal, the US withdrawal from Vietnam and the oil crisis among other events (King 2002, p. 14). The period of the 1960s and early 1970s was also the Cold War era and many Americans feared a nuclear attack (Neve 1995, p. 221). Arguably these events were quite dramatic and imposed on American culture in a very short period of time. I.The Hollywood Renaissance One of the most striking features of the Hollywood Renaissance was Hollywood’s departure from an attempt to idealize American life and culture. Instead, a majority of the films produced during the era of the 1960s and 1970s appealed to America’s conscience and adapted a social expression. The arts in general gave voice to the socio-political underpinnings of the times and attempted to contribute to change. Man (1994) observed that Hollywood cinema depicted â€Å"common themes† that: ...included the breakdown of traditional values, socio-political oppression, the psychology of sex and violence, moral ambiguity, alienation, solipsism, paranoia, and disillusionment (p. 1). During the 1960s and the early 1970s, filmmakers had greater creative freedom in that the studio system faded out and filmmakers had the ability to be more critical of social issues and could be more innovative (Ryan and Kellner 1988, p. 6). The Production Code was also eliminated during this period and a rating system much like the current system was started. As a result, filmmakers were able to take on topics and issues that were not previously permitted (Ryan and Kellner 1988, p. 6). Kramer (2005) identified three common themes that characterize the films attributed to the Hollywood Renaissance of the 1960s and the early 1970s. First, the films of this period were described as a â€Å"large number of challenging films† (Kramer 2005, p. 2). Secondly, a majority of the most successful films were produced by a select number of young film directors many of which had graduated from film schools such as Francis Ford Coppola who had graduated from the University of California in L os Angeles. Finally, the â€Å"intense formal and thematic innovation† that marked the films of the 1960s and early 1970s ended with the production of block-bluster films such as Steven Spielberg’s 1975 Jaws and George Lucas’ Star Wars of 1977 (Kramer 2005, p. 2). Nystrom (2009) explained that this new class of directors and producers began to perceive its audience as youthful and intellectual (p. 26). This was the main factor that influenced the culture depicted in film production during the 1960s and the early 1970s. The prevailing view was that the audience was such that it was no longer enough to simply entertain. This new audience was open to the examination of ideas and issues. Michael Laughlin, Two-Lane Blacktop (1971) reportedly said that: Our generation has gone beyond mere entertainment. We are too well educated, too intelligent to be just entertained (Nystrom 2009, p. 26). Buck Henry screenwriter for The Graduate made a similar observation. Henry note d that during the era of the Hollywood Renaissance: Heroes can now be intellectual, which they never were in American films. Perhaps it’s because, until recently, the audience was so profoundly anti-intellectual itself. But the younger generation identifies with the melodrama of ideas (Nystrom 2009, p. 26). Paul Williams, director of Out of it (1969) and The Revolutionary (1970) linked the Hollywood

Unit 2 Public Demand for Medical Care and Health Insurance in the Essay

Unit 2 Public Demand for Medical Care and Health Insurance in the United States - Essay Example This measure provides an indication of the magnitude of cause specific mortality in a population (National statistics, 2011). The measure, however, underestimates the prevalence of deaths within a given population. Unadjusted mortality rates among groups sometimes is misleading especially in a case where the age distributions of the population at risk are different. This misleading report highly affects the planning of healthcare and decision making due to underestimated mortality in a population (Danver, 2010). Chronic diseases that include heart diseases has been a major cause of deaths in this state. The disease had higher adjusted mortality rates than the national average (National statistics, 2011). According to CDC heart diseases had leading causes of deaths.84% of the deaths occurred to people aged 65 years and above while 43% of the deaths occurred to people aged 85 years and above. The age adjusted mortality 3.32 which is slightly higher than the national average which stand at 3.01 (Danver, 2010). The rate is higher due to the unhealthy lifestyles of the people of this state. To solve the problem many factors come into play, organizational factors like schools and faith based organizations to influence and support health behavior change, Community factors that involve self-initiated programs to live healthy and health policies that favorably influence prevention of chronic diseases (Bluelow, 2010). Search Engine - Web - Seivo Web Search Engine. (n.d.). Search Engine - Web - Seivo Web Search Engine. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from

Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Network Security - Essay Example 2007). It is the twentieth century where improved communication technologies are inventing one after another. Internet has become a powerful and interactive delivery service providing extensive activities and web services. Organisations expand their resources with the help of Internet. Websites are created, for informational purposes, advertisement, online shopping etc. In the modernized countries, Internet is utilized for business: Education purposes Online shopping (Comet, EBay, etc) Blogs (Bloggers, Word Press, etc) Social-Networking (Facebook, Myspace, etc) Information (Advertising) Even today, where every technology interrelated to Information technology involves the ‘.com’ phenomenon; Internet is relatively an evolving field, which is constantly changing. Extensive use of computing technology has aid different scale organisations to achieve targets. Information technology evolution has introduced innovations for business processes and communication. Moreover, infor mation technology has rendered a new approach for conducting business on new channels, and is proceeding further to add numerous benefits and modernization due to its global reach around the globe. However, the expandable adoptability has provided new loopholes for threats and vulnerabilities. Organizations are more apprehensive about the security of the network rather that adding functionality. Moreover, massive funds are allocated for network security along with advanced security hardware devices including Hardware Security Modules (HSM), which are deployed to secure mission critical data. However, frequent updates are required, for firmware and hardware, to keep them updated for potential threats that may disrupt data or perform any security breach. From time to time, the hackers and cyber criminals develop new threats. Even the updated security hardware is not sufficient for securing the network , because there is always a probability of a new threat, which may bypass the securi ty mechanism anytime. Moreover, hackers and cyber criminals also conduct research on security products in order to develop a threat, which may intrude and sidestep the security of these products. The main objectives of a cyber criminal includes, bank account hacking, credit card hacking to achieve money. The uprising of Information Technology has created new trends of doing business and communication. Furthermore, technology has provided a new approach of operating businesses during the past several years, and continues to provide numerous benefits as it spreads all over the world. However, with its extensive adoption, threats and vulnerabilities are also growing. Organisations spent vast funds to secure their confidential data and network environment. In addition, hardware security modules are taken into consideration for securing mission-critical data. However, these modules need frequent updates for virus definitions and new threats, which may disturb the network. Every now and t hen, new threats are designed and developed by hackers and cyber criminals. In spite of securing the networks and data centers, with the most updated and advanced security modules, there is still a probability of a new threat to break into the network. In addition, hackers and cyber criminals are exploring efficient codes day by day to advance the hacking tools, in order to breach in to classified information, banks and

Literature Search Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature Search - Assignment Example Totman J; You only have one chance to get it right’: A quantitative study of relatives’ experiences of caring at home for a family member with terminal cancer; Palliative Medicine – 2015,; SAGE Publications Ltd, Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom. This is a framework approach quantitative study utilizing semi-structured interview, exploring the emotional challenges home caregivers faces in the provision of palliative care. It examines the challenges the relatives undergoes as they manage the pain of the terminally ill patients in London city. The study analyzes care slips systematically with emphasis on the pain scale rating of the patients change throughout the home care period. Either the research approaches the study from the patient perspective rather than the care provider perspective. Based on the research done in Ontario provides insight to pain management as an ethical obligation for palliative care providers. The focus of the study is the patients with HIV and AIDS. It incorporates 126 patients and strictly focuses the care from the patient view of the quality of life at the end of care issues. It also explores to the receiving adequate pain management as a measure to prolongation of life. The researcher utilizes the knowledge that old people form the largest pool of people receiving palliative care then looks at the dosages of various drugs that comfortable relieves pain among the older people. He uses quantitative research to evaluate the prescription criteria of the medicines that patients receive attributed in the palliative care. In this, the researcher concentrates on both experimental and non-experimental research to assess the usage of morphine as a main drug in geriatric pain control. Focusing the research on the people from three geriatric homes, he explores the risk of over dosage and under

Unit 2 Public Demand for Medical Care and Health Insurance in the Essay

Unit 2 Public Demand for Medical Care and Health Insurance in the United States - Essay Example This measure provides an indication of the magnitude of cause specific mortality in a population (National statistics, 2011). The measure, however, underestimates the prevalence of deaths within a given population. Unadjusted mortality rates among groups sometimes is misleading especially in a case where the age distributions of the population at risk are different. This misleading report highly affects the planning of healthcare and decision making due to underestimated mortality in a population (Danver, 2010). Chronic diseases that include heart diseases has been a major cause of deaths in this state. The disease had higher adjusted mortality rates than the national average (National statistics, 2011). According to CDC heart diseases had leading causes of deaths.84% of the deaths occurred to people aged 65 years and above while 43% of the deaths occurred to people aged 85 years and above. The age adjusted mortality 3.32 which is slightly higher than the national average which stand at 3.01 (Danver, 2010). The rate is higher due to the unhealthy lifestyles of the people of this state. To solve the problem many factors come into play, organizational factors like schools and faith based organizations to influence and support health behavior change, Community factors that involve self-initiated programs to live healthy and health policies that favorably influence prevention of chronic diseases (Bluelow, 2010). Search Engine - Web - Seivo Web Search Engine. (n.d.). Search Engine - Web - Seivo Web Search Engine. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from

Literature Search Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature Search - Assignment Example Totman J; You only have one chance to get it right’: A quantitative study of relatives’ experiences of caring at home for a family member with terminal cancer; Palliative Medicine – 2015,; SAGE Publications Ltd, Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom. This is a framework approach quantitative study utilizing semi-structured interview, exploring the emotional challenges home caregivers faces in the provision of palliative care. It examines the challenges the relatives undergoes as they manage the pain of the terminally ill patients in London city. The study analyzes care slips systematically with emphasis on the pain scale rating of the patients change throughout the home care period. Either the research approaches the study from the patient perspective rather than the care provider perspective. Based on the research done in Ontario provides insight to pain management as an ethical obligation for palliative care providers. The focus of the study is the patients with HIV and AIDS. It incorporates 126 patients and strictly focuses the care from the patient view of the quality of life at the end of care issues. It also explores to the receiving adequate pain management as a measure to prolongation of life. The researcher utilizes the knowledge that old people form the largest pool of people receiving palliative care then looks at the dosages of various drugs that comfortable relieves pain among the older people. He uses quantitative research to evaluate the prescription criteria of the medicines that patients receive attributed in the palliative care. In this, the researcher concentrates on both experimental and non-experimental research to assess the usage of morphine as a main drug in geriatric pain control. Focusing the research on the people from three geriatric homes, he explores the risk of over dosage and under

Sarojini naidu Essay Example for Free

Sarojini naidu Essay Indian poet, lecturer, and politician. Naidu is remembered as a virtuoso of English metrical forms and romantic imagery in her poetry, which she wrote in English. Her mastery of such difficult poetic constructs as the dactylic prompted the English writers Edmund Gosse and Arthur Symons to praise her work widely and develop friendships with her. Equally concerned with Indias freedom movement and womens rights as with writing poetry, Naidu became a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and lectured on behalf of Indian independence throughout India, Africa, the United States, and Canada. Her political career reached its peak when she was elected the first woman governor of the United Provinces in 1947. Biographical Information Naidu was born into a high-caste Bengali family in 1879. Her father, Aghorenath Chattopadhyaya, became, after obtaining his doctorate from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, a distinguished scholar and linguist who founded two Indian colleges, one for women. Naidus mother, Varada Sundari, was a minor poet and noted singer. Naidu began writing poetry as a child and at the age of twelve passed the matriculation examination for the University of Madras. As a teenager, Naidu fell in love with Govindarajulu Naidu, a doctor who was neither Bengali nor of the Brahmin caste. Hoping to prevent their daughter from marrying outside her social group, her parents sent her to England in 1895. There Naidu attended Kings College, London, and Girton College, Cambridge, where she further developed her poetic style and became friends with such well-known English critics and writers as Edmund Gosse and Arthur Symons, who helped her to refine her work. In 1898 Naidu returned to India and married Govindarajulu Naidu despite her familys disapproval. Because of her familys high status, Naidu had access to many of the most prominent thinkers, writers, and political figures of Indias modern intellectual renaissance. Her first volume of poetry, The Golden Threshold, was published in England in 1905; with an introduction by Arthur Symons. The book was well-received, and Naidu was encouraged to continue publishing her work until 1917, when she abruptly stopped. At this point, Naidu became active in Indian politics. She had met Gandhi in 1914 and soon decided to join him in the struggle for Indian independence. Naidus first cause as a political activist was womens rights; she traveled throughout India lecturing on womens educational needs and promoting suffrage, and became the first woman to hold several prominent positions in the Indian government. In 1925 she was elected President of the Indian National Congress, and during the 1920s traveled throughout Africa and North America campaigning for Indian independence. Naidu was arrested and imprisoned for revolutionary activities several times during her career. In 1947-when independence was achieved-Naidu was elected acting governor of the United Provinces. She died in 1949. Major Works Naidus early poetry evidences the strong Western influence of her Brahmin upbringing. Crafting poems in traditional English metrical forms, she concentrated primarily on Western themes and images. Edmund Gosse, upon reading her work when he met her in London, recognized Naidus potential but encouraged her to incorporate Indian subjects into her work. Naidu followed Gosses advice, and her first volume, The Golden Threshold, combines traditional poetic forms with lush images of India. The book achieved popular and critical success in England, where Edwardian readers admired Naidus deft handling of the English language as well as the native view of Indian exotica it offered them. Naidus second collection of poems, The Bird of Time (1912), confronted more serious themes such as death and grief as well as containing poems expressing Naidus patriotism and religious convictions. Gosse provided the forward to this volume, noting Naidus rich exploration of complex issues in delicate, romantic language. In her third volume, The Broken Wing (1917), Naidu included more poems of patriotism and description of Indian culture. More important, The Broken Wing contains the work many critics consider Naidus greatest poetic achievement, The Temple: A Pilgrimage of Love. A series of twenty-four poems, The Temple explores the joys, pain, and vagaries of a mature love relationship in graphic, sometimes violent, imagery, and concludes in a meditation on death. The Broken Wing was the last volume of poetry published in Naidus lifetime. Many critics have wondered about the reason for her apparently sudden departure from literary pursuits to political involvement. Some speculate that her popularity dwindled, particularly in England, when she moved away from the flowery, romantic style of her early poetry to a comparatively morbid and contemplative tone in her later work. Others contend that her preoccupation with patriotic themes caused readers to lose interest. In 1961 Naidus daughter published a collection of her previously unpublished poems, The Feather of the Dawn, but it met with little critical interest. Her poetry has since undergone reevaluation by Indian critics, many of whom regard her as one of Indias greatest twentieth-century poets.